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Canada / 20 September 2022 / Air India, Ltd. v. CC/Devas (Mauritius) Ltd. and others, CCDM Holdings, LLC and others, Republic of India, International Air Transport Association (IATA) and Airport Authority of India / 500-09-029888-229 (500-17-119144-213)
Country Canada Date 20 September 2022 Parties Air India, Ltd. v. CC/Devas (Mauritius) Ltd. and others, CCDM Holdings, LLC and others, Republic of India, International Air Transport Association (IATA) and Airport Authority of India Case number 500-09-029888-229 (500-17-119144-213) Applicable NYC Provisions III Source 2022 QCCA 1264 | online: CanLII
Languages English Link to the record https://newyorkconvention1958.org/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=6827&opac_view=2 Attachment (1)
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Country Canada Court Canada, Supreme Court of British Columbia Date 24 February 2022 Parties Enrroxs Energy and Mining Group v. Nader Saddad Case number S2012062 Applicable NYC Provisions III Source 2022 BCSC 285 | online: CanLII
Languages English see also : Link to the record https://newyorkconvention1958.org/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=6822&opac_view=2 Attachment (1)
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Country China Court China, 内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市中级人民法院 (Inner Mongolia, Hohhot Intermediate People’s Court) Date 01 March 2021 Parties 瑞欧太阳能公司 (Rioglass Solar S.A.) v. 华夏聚光（内蒙古）光伏电力有限公司 Case number (2020)内01民特100号 Applicable NYC Provisions III | V Source https://wenshu.court.gov.cn/ (China Judgements Online)
Languages Chinese Link to the record https://newyorkconvention1958.org/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=6807&opac_view=2 Attachment (1)
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Country Hong Kong Court Hong Kong, Court of First Instance, In the High Court of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Date 04 February 2021 Parties Lau Lan Ying v. Top Hill Company and Yick Hing Construction Company Limited | Third Party: Asia Insurance Co. Ltd. Case number HCPI 6/2020 Applicable NYC Provisions II | III Source [2021] HKCFI 290 | https://www.judiciary.hk/ (website of the Judiciary of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China)
Languages English Link to the record https://newyorkconvention1958.org/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=6790&opac_view=2 Attachment (1)
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Country China Court China, 山东省青岛市中级人民法院 (Shandong, Qingdao Intermediate People’s Court) Date 31 December 2020 Parties 翱兰国际有限公司 (Olam International Limited) v. 青岛中商恒通国际贸易有限公司 Case number (2020)鲁02协外 Applicable NYC Provisions III | IV | V Source https://wenshu.court.gov.cn/ (China Judgements Online)
Languages Chinese Link to the record https://newyorkconvention1958.org/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=6809&opac_view=2 Attachment (1)
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Country United States Court United States, U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York Date 10 December 2020 Parties Commodities & Minerals Enterprise, Ltd. v. CVG Ferrominera Orinoco, C.A. Case number 1:19-cv-11654-ALC Applicable NYC Provisions III | V | V(1) | V(1)(c) | V(2) | V(2)(b) Source online: PACER
Languages English see also : Link to the record https://newyorkconvention1958.org/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=6580&opac_view=2 Attachment (1)
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Country India Court India, Supreme Court Date 16 September 2020 Parties Government of India v. Vedanta Limited, Ravva Oil (Singapore) Pte Ltd and Videocon Industries Limited Case number Civil Appeal No. 3185 of 2020 Applicable NYC Provisions III | IV | IV(1) | V | V(1) | V(1)(e) | V(2) | V(2)(b) Source https://www.sci.gov.in (website of the Supreme Court of India)
Languages English Link to the record https://newyorkconvention1958.org/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=6372&opac_view=2 Attachment (1)
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Country United States Court United States, U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Arkansas Date 14 September 2020 Parties Tetronics (International) Limited v. BlueOak Arkansas, LLC Case number 4:20CV00530 SWW Applicable NYC Provisions III | V | V(1) | V(1)(b) | VI Source online: PACER
Languages English see also : Link to the record https://newyorkconvention1958.org/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=6563&opac_view=2 Attachment (1)
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Country United States Court United States, U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York Date 14 September 2020 Parties Major League Baseball Properties, Inc. v. Corporación de Televisión y Microonda Rafa, S.A. Case number 1:19-cv-08669-MKV Applicable NYC Provisions III | V | V(1)(d) Source online: PACER
Languages English Link to the record https://newyorkconvention1958.org/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=6562&opac_view=2 Attachment (1)
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Country Netherlands Court Netherlands, Gerechtshof ‘s-Hertogenbosch (Court of Appeal of ‘s-Hertogenbosch) Date 10 September 2020 Case number 200.278.330_01 Applicable NYC Provisions III Source https://www.rechtspraak.nl (official website of the Netherlands judiciary system)
Languages Dutch Link to the record https://newyorkconvention1958.org/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=6446&opac_view=2 Attachment (1)
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Country United States Court United States, U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York Date 13 August 2020 Parties ConocoPhillips Gulf of Paria B.V. v. Corporacion Venezolana del Petroleo, S.A. et al. Case number 19 Civ. 7304 (LGS) Applicable NYC Provisions III Source online: PACER
Languages English Link to the record https://newyorkconvention1958.org/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=6353&opac_view=2 Attachment (1)
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Country China Court China, 江苏省苏州市中级人民法院 (Jiangsu, Suzhou Intermediate People’s Court) Date 20 July 2020 Parties 嘉能可有限公司 v. 昆山立益纺织有限公司s Case number (2019)苏05协外认2号 Applicable NYC Provisions I | I(1) | III | V | V(1) | V(1)(a) | V(1)(b) Source https://wenshu.court.gov.cn/ (China Judgements Online)
Languages Chinese Link to the record https://newyorkconvention1958.org/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=6813&opac_view=2 Attachment (1)
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Country Netherlands Court Netherlands, Gerechtshof Amsterdam (Court of Appeal of Amsterdam) Date 14 July 2020 Parties 200.224.067/01 Case number 200.224.067/01 Applicable NYC Provisions III | IV | V | V(1) | V(1)(a) | V(1)(b) | V(1)(c) | V(1)(d) | V(2) Source https://www.rechtspraak.nl (official website of the Netherlands judiciary system)
Languages Dutch see also : Link to the record https://newyorkconvention1958.org/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=6343&opac_view=2 Attachment (1)
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Country Lithuania Court Lithuania, Lietuvos Apeliacinis Teismas (Court of Appeal of Lithuania) Date 30 June 2020 Parties Univers Acier Morocco v. PAO “Murmanskoje morskoje parochodstvo” Case number e2T-35-381/2020 Applicable NYC Provisions III | IV | IV(1) | V | V(1) | V(1)(d) | V(2) | V(2)(b) Source https://www.apeliacinis.lt (website of the Court of Appeal of Lithuania)
Languages Lithuanian Link to the record https://newyorkconvention1958.org/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=6368&opac_view=2 Attachment (1)
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Country Netherlands Court Netherlands, Gerechtshof ‘s-Hertogenbosch (Court of Appeal of ‘s-Hertogenbosch) Date 18 June 2020 Case number 200.266.205_01 Applicable NYC Provisions II | III | IV Source https://www.rechtspraak.nl (official website of the Netherlands judiciary system)
Languages Dutch Link to the record https://newyorkconvention1958.org/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=6253&opac_view=2 Attachment (1)
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Country China Court China, 天津市第一中级人民法院 (Tianjin No. 1 Intermediate People’s Court) Date 18 May 2020 Parties FSOJ国际有限责任公司 (FSOJ International LLC) v. 天津北方电影集团有限公司 Case number (2018) 津01协外认3号 Applicable NYC Provisions II | III | V | V(1) | V(1)(a) | V(1)(b) | V(1)(d) Source http://wenshu.court.gov.cn (China Judgements Online)
Languages Chinese Link to the record https://newyorkconvention1958.org/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=6554&opac_view=2 Attachment (1)
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Country China Court China, 天津市第一中级人民法院 (Tianjin No. 1 Intermediate People’s Court) Date 18 May 2020 Parties IM全球有限责任公司 (IM Global LLC) v. 天津北方电影集团有限公司 Case number (2018)津01协外认2号 Applicable NYC Provisions II | III | V | V(1) | V(1)(a) | V(1)(b) | V(1)(d) Source http://wenshu.court.gov.cn (China Judgements Online)
Languages Chinese Link to the record https://newyorkconvention1958.org/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=6555&opac_view=2 Attachment (1)
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Country Lithuania Court Lithuania, Lietuvos Apeliacinis Teismas (Court of Appeal of Lithuania) Date 09 April 2020 Parties AAB „Mogiliovoblavtotrans“ v. UAB „Seven Miles Logistics“ Case number 2T-33-381/2020 Applicable NYC Provisions III | IV | IV(1) | V | V(1) | V(2) Source https://www.apeliacinis.lt (website of the Court of Appeal of Lithuania)
Languages Lithuanian Link to the record https://newyorkconvention1958.org/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=6012&opac_view=2 Attachment (1)
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Country Lithuania Court Lithuania, Lietuvos Apeliacinis Teismas (Court of Appeal of Lithuania) Date 02 April 2020 Parties UAB „Samčio burtai“ v. UAB „Alsana“ Case number e2T-28-381/2020 Applicable NYC Provisions III | IV | IV(1) | V | V(1) | V(2) Source https://www.apeliacinis.lt (website of the Court of Appeal of Lithuania)
Languages Lithuanian Link to the record https://newyorkconvention1958.org/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=6011&opac_view=2 Attachment (1)
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Country Canada Court Canada, Cour supérieure du Québec Date 10 March 2020 Parties Metso Minerals Canada Inc. and Metso Minerals Industries Inc. v. ArcelorMittal Exploitation Minière Canada and ArcelorMittal Canada Inc. Case number 500-11-056231-190 Applicable NYC Provisions III Source 2020 QCCS 1103 | online: CanLII
Languages English Link to the record https://newyorkconvention1958.org/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=5932&opac_view=2 Attachment (1)
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Country United States Court United States, U.S. District Court, District of Maryland Date 21 February 2020 Parties Estate of Ke Zhengguang v. Yu Naifen Stephany Case number 18-3546-PWG Applicable NYC Provisions III | IV | V | V(1) | V(2) | V(2)(b) | VI Source online: PACER
Languages English Link to the record https://newyorkconvention1958.org/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=5713&opac_view=2 Attachment (1)
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Country India Court India, Supreme Court Date 13 February 2020 Parties Vijay Karia & Ors. v. Prysmian Cavi e Sistemi S.r.l. & Ors. Case number Civil Appeals No. 1544 of 2020 and No. 1545 of 2020 Applicable NYC Provisions I | II | III | IV | V | V(1) | V(1)(a) | V(1)(b) | V(1)(e) | V(2) | V(2)(b) | VII | VII(1) Source https://www.sci.gov.in (website of the Supreme Court of India)
Languages English Summary Summary prepared by Ishita Mishra (Advocate, Supreme Court of India | Chambers of Mr. Gourab Banerji)
A sole arbitrator had passed four arbitral awards (Awards) in a London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA) arbitration. The context of the dispute was a joint venture dispute between the Appellants and the Respondents. The Respondents had initiated arbitration proceedings against the Appellants for materially breaching various provisions of the joint venture agreement (JVA) and in particular, for loss of effective control over ‘Ravin’, the joint venture company. In response to these allegations, the Appellants filed a set of counter claims which alleged that the Respondents had violated their non-compete obligations by acquiring a competing business in India through their indirect acquisition of ACPL (which was Ravin’s competitor), breached confidentiality and interfered in the management of Ravin among others. The parties agreed that on account of the alleged material breaches, the party successful in this arbitration would be entitled to buy out the other at a 10% premium / discount under the JVA.
Through the first partial final award, the tribunal had interpreted certain provisions of the JVA and concluded that the Appellants had not succeeded in their primary submission that the conclusion of contracts of sales in India by the Respondent through a company other than Ravin was contrary to the JVA. In the second award, the tribunal dismissed the Appellant’s counter claims and observed that the Appellants had committed several breaches of the JVA. Counter claims of interference in management and mismanagement, breach of confidentiality and violation of non-compete obligations under the JVA were dismissed. The tribunal observed that the Appellant was always aware of Prysmian SA’s acquisition of the Draka group which would result in its acquisition of its subsidiary ACPL and yet had never objected to the same.
Prior to the passing of the third partial award, the Appellants challenged the appointment of the arbitrator on the ground of alleged lack of impartiality or independence. This challenge was dismissed by the LCIA Court as it had been made out of time as per the LCIA Rules. Through the final award, the shares to be transferred by the Appellants to the Respondents were valued. No challenge was made by the Appellants to this award under the (English) Arbitration Act, 1996 in the seat court (Courts of London, United Kingdom). An appeal was only filed by Shri Vijay Karia when an enforcement petition was filed under Section 48 of the Indian Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 (1996 Act) at the Bombay High Court. Through his judgment, Justice A.K Menon held these 4 arbitral awards to be enforceable. The Bombay High Court enforced the arbitral awards as it found that none of the allegations raised by the Appellants met the conditions under Section 48 for a successful challenge such as that of an invalid arbitration agreement, violation of principles of natural justice, award going beyond the scope of arbitration, non-arbitrable subject matter and violation of the fundamental policy of India among others. The Appellants, unhappy with the Bombay High Court’s determination, impugned this judgment before the Supreme Court of India.
The Supreme Court when deciding on this appeal, first examined the scope of Section 48 of the 1996 Act. By citing precedent from the US Court of Appeals, Second Circuit in Parsons & Whittemore Overseas Co. v. Societe Generale De L’Industrie Du Papier 508 F.2d 969 (1974) and US District Court, District of Colombia in Compagnie des Bauxites de Guinee v. Hammermills Inc. (1992) WL 122712, US Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit in Karaha Codas Co., L.L.C v. Perusahaan Pertambagan Minyak 364 F.3d 274 (2004) among others observed that there was prevalence of a “pro-enforcement bias” under the NYC which was adopted by India within its legislature through Section 48 of the 1996 Act.
The Supreme Court further elaborated on the narrow review powers available to a ‘court’ under Section 48 of the 1996 Act. The Court approvingly cited provisions from its judgments in Renusagar Power Plant Co Ltd v. General Electric (1994 Supp (1) SCC 644) and Ssangyong Engineering & Construction Limited v. NHAI (2019 SCC OnLine SC 677) which observed that a foreign award being enforced under the NYC may not be examined by a review court on the basis of merits. The Court also referred to its judgment in Shri Lal Mahal v. Progetto Grando SPA (2014 2 SCC 433) and reiterated that Section 48(2)(b) of the 1996 Act contemplated a narrower review under the ground of “fundamental policy of Indian law”. The Court signaled towards the same being a part of the legislative intent by noting that Section 48 had been amended in 2015 to delete the ground of “contrary to the interest of India.”
The Supreme Court then considered the issue of whether a court could still enforce a foreign award even if some grounds under Section 48 of the 1996 Act were made out. This argument relied on the usage of the word “may” in Section 48 of the 1996 Act instead of ‘shall.’ The Court first discussed the legislative intent behind use of the word “may” in Article V NYC by endorsing the view that Articles V(1) and V(2) use permissive and not mandatory language. The Court then noted that the grounds under Section 48 could be classified into three groups i.e. “…grounds which affect the jurisdiction of the arbitration proceedings, grounds which affect the party interest alone; and grounds which go to the public policy of India…” and held that courts could not have any discretion if grounds affecting the public policy of India were made, but if grounds affecting party interest alone were made out, then the enforcing court will have the residual discretion when it came to enforcement of such awards. Consequently, the Supreme Court held that the word “may” in Section 48 of the 1996 Act could be interpreted as ‘shall’ depending on the context.
The Supreme Court also reviewed the Appellants’ challenge to the awards on the basis of violation of the principles of natural justice under Section 48(1)(b) of the 1996 Act. The Appellants’ had alleged that the principle of audi alteram partem was not followed as the Appellants had been unable to present their case on account of wilful failure on part of the Respondents to produce documents and the tribunal having not drawn a negative inference from the same. While deciding on this aspect, the Court referred to its judgment in Sohan Lal Gupta v. Asha Devi Gupta (2003 7 SCC 492) and the Delhi High Court’s judgment in Glencore International AG v. Dalmia Cement (Bharat) Limited (2017 SCC Online Del 8932). In Glencore International (supra), the Delhi High Court had observed that Section 48(1)(b) of the 1996 Act was pari materia to Article V(1)(b) NYC and hence a clear case of falling foul of the minimal standards of due process / natural justice needed to be established under Section 48(1)(b) of the 1996 Act to warrant a refusal of enforcement. The Supreme Court held that the phrase “was otherwise unable to present his case” should be interpreted narrowly and would be breached only if a fair hearing was not given by the tribunal to the parties. Poor reasoning by a tribunal would not meet the threshold under Section 48(1)(b) of the 1996 Act. The Court held that a failure of a tribunal in examining a material issue would not be sufficient for a challenge under Section 48(1)(b) of the 1996 Act unless such a failure went to the root of the matter and shocked the conscience of a court. The Court reiterated that a pro-enforcement undercurrent must feature in a review even under Section 48(1)(b) of the 1996 Act and that if an award addresses basic issues raised by the parties and in substance, decides on the claims and counter claims, then “enforcement must follow”.
The final issue before the Supreme Court was whether these awards violated India’s foreign exchange laws, and in particular, the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA). The award directed a sale of shares at a discount to a foreign party (the Respondents). The Supreme Court held that the award did not violate India’s public policy. The Court traced the history of India’s foreign exchange laws from ‘policing to management’ and approved the Delhi High Court’s judgment in Cruz City 1 Mauritius Holdings v. Unitech Limited (2017 239 DLT 649; in this case, the Delhi High Court had held that an application to resist enforcement of a foreign award on the basis of public policy grounds will only succeed if the objections are of such a nature that they offend the core values of India’s national policy “which it cannot be expected to compromise”, and that a mere inconsistency with a regulation like the FEMA, did not automatically meet this test). The Court noted that Section 47 of the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1973 (FERA) which held transactions that violated the FERA as void did not find place within the FEMA and held that a rectifiable breach under the FEMA could not amount to a violation of the fundamental policy of Indian law.
After noting the legislative and judicial history of Section 48 of the 1996 Act, the Supreme Court observed that the pleas taken by the Appellants forayed into a review of the awards on the basis of merits, and that the same is not permitted under Section 48 of the 1996 Act read with the NYC. The Supreme Court noted that the Appellants in the present case appeared to be indulging in “…speculative litigation with the fond hope that by flinging mud on a foreign arbitral award, some of the mud so flung would stick.”. The Supreme Court after perusing the court records, rejected all of the grounds raised, dismissed the appeal of Shri Vijay Karia and imposed costs on the Appellants of Rs. 5,000,000 (Indian Rupees Five Million) for attempting to argue this matter as a first appeal despite being aware of the limited scope of review available under Section 48 of the 1996 Act.
affirms : Link to the record https://newyorkconvention1958.org/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=5809&opac_view=2 Attachment (1)
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Country Egypt Court Egypt, Court of Cassation Date 09 January 2020 Parties The legal representative of Interfood Co. v. The legal representative of RCMA Asia Pte Ltd Singapore Case number 282/89 Applicable NYC Provisions III | V | V(1) | V(1)(c) | V(2) | V(2)(b) Source Registry of the Court
Languages Arabic Link to the record https://newyorkconvention1958.org/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=5708&opac_view=2 Attachment (1)
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Country China Court China, 山东省日照市中级人民法院 (Shandong, Rizhao Intermediate People’s Court) Date 25 December 2019 Parties 大宝产业株式会社 v. 山东浩瀚能源有限公司 Case number (2018)鲁11协外认3号 Applicable NYC Provisions III | IV | V | V(1) | V(1)(b) | V(1)(c) | V(1)(d) Source http://wenshu.court.gov.cn (China Judgements Online)
Languages Chinese Link to the record https://newyorkconvention1958.org/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=6543&opac_view=2 Attachment (1)
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Country Morocco Court Morocco, Commercial Court of Appeal of Casablanca Date 23 December 2019 Parties Talem Food Beverages v. Copragri, StockPralim, Consorts Boutegray, and Zeina El Kabir Case number 5539/8101/2019 Applicable NYC Provisions III | IV Source Registry of the court
Languages Arabic Link to the record https://newyorkconvention1958.org/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=6624&opac_view=2 Attachment (1)
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Country United Kingdom Court England and Wales, High Court Date 20 December 2019 Parties Enka Insaat ve Sanayi A.S v. OOO “Insurance Company Chubb”, Chubb Russia Investments Limited, Chubb European Group SE and Chubb Limited Case number CL-2019-000572 Applicable NYC Provisions II | II(3) | III | V | V(1) | V(1)(e) | VI Source [2019] EWHC 3568 (Comm) | online: BAILII
Languages English reversed by : see also : Link to the record https://newyorkconvention1958.org/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=5665&opac_view=2 Attachment (1)
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Country China Court China, 上海市第一中级人民法院 (Shanghai No. 1 Intermediate People’s Court) Date 17 December 2019 Parties ACME清洁技术解决方案私人有限公司 (ACME Cleantech Solutions Private Limited) v. 中电电气（上海）太阳能科技有限公司 Case number (2019) 沪01协外认12号 Applicable NYC Provisions I | III | IV | V Source http://wenshu.court.gov.cn (China Judgements Online)
Languages Chinese Link to the record https://newyorkconvention1958.org/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=6542&opac_view=2 Attachment (1)
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Country United States Court United States, U.S. Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit Date 17 October 2019 Parties Sladjana Cvoro v. Carnival Corporation Case number 18-11815 Applicable NYC Provisions II | II(1) | III | V | V(2) | V(2)(b) Source online: PACER
Languages English affirms : Link to the record https://newyorkconvention1958.org/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=5693&opac_view=2 Attachment (1)
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